Monday, September 26, 2011

About the African lion

!9# About the African lion

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A huge animal power in the range of the African lion weighs 450-550 pounds for an adult man in good health, while women generally in the range from 300 to 350 pounds. The length is between 6-8 meters to 55 meters for men and five women, with the exception of a nearly three-foot tail. However, significantly more individuals were captured. The largest wild lion was always weighed about 700 pounds. InA copy of imprisonment has been documented well over 800 pounds. The shoulder height is about four meters for men and three and a half feet for females.

The lion's skin is yellow-brown in color and plain. The hair is short and a bit 'rude. Males are characterized by great mane, head, neck and abdomen and back. The mane is initially pale in color and nuances of golden yellow through to black as the Lion of age. A full mane of black means a lion maturepotential good education is often preferred by lionesses and a partner.

In some parts of Africa, including Senegal and especially in Tsavo, Kenya, are included maneless male lion, probably for adaptation to thorny habitats of these regions. Overall, it is built muscle for both sexes. Lionesses are more athletic because they surpass them in the hunt, whose main task of pride. Male lions are cumbersome because the additional weight and strength against intruders, and candefend the pride's territory.

The weapons are sharp claws and close to three-inch canines. Jaws are powerful and the skull is larger than any other cat species. The eyes are placed in front of more land as predators rather than on the side as in the case of the spoils. The field of view that is so important for the prey, where it is hunters, arriving before their very eyes. The field is, for better depth perception and binocular vision in Leuven, which is threatened with relatively narrowset eyes, they fall prey to assess distance to support him. Tail has a tuft of hair that covers the spine at the tip of the tail. The abdominal skin is loose and the shields of the internal organs of hunted ungulates in a viscous shoot to kill.

Cats African Lions Social, and the tip keystone predators. They live and hunt together, making the chances of success and survival for themselves and their young during the season lasts. Lionesses have most of the hunt by putting a sort oforganized the event for the hunt. Each lioness takes a special role in this form of group hunting. In general, weak and old are selected and isolated from the herd. Then one or two lionesses sit by breaking cover and the position of prey. Remove the animals panic and usually end up in the jaws of a lioness waiting in their flight. It is a suffocating hold by biting the neck of small prey or mouth and nose for the big game.

Unlike previous hypotheses,It is estimated that the male lion up to 50 to 60 per cent of all the degradation of hunting, particularly useful in larger prey like buffalo. Other animals are made of a wide range depending on the type and frequency of prey in a particular area. These include eland, gemsbok, hartebeest, impala, kudu, warthog, wildebeest and zebras. Sometimes even the young giraffes and rhinos, hippos and elephants were killed. Opportunistic predators, however, hunting and eating lionsall in need, even carrion. Some lions in Botswana have been killed by elephants shot in a period of severe drought. The calves were taken regularly and on several occasions were adults under cover of darkness.

African lions fail at the top of the food chain in the African savannah, not the extermination of competition, when opportunity offers. Conflict with spotted hyenas are common, often in a position to intimidate, and young lions because of their greater numbers, but sufferstrong when it comes into contact with men. Adult male lions were hunting visualization tools rather to hyenas wild behavior on several occasions, actively and hyenas kill adult and young. Sometimes, the lions were included cleaning out hyena kills. Interspecies conflict with other big cats, and also occurs African lions often kill leopards and cheetahs and their cubs, perhaps to avoid competition.

A number of sub-species of lions are recognized by theirDistribution area in Africa.

Panthera Leo Zande (North East Congo lion) - North-East of Congo

Panthera Leo Bleyenberghi (Southwest African lion or Katanga) - South-West Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Angola, Katanga (Zaire), Zambia and Zimbabwe

Panthera Leo Kruger (south-east African lion or the Transvaal) - Transvaal region of South-East Africa, including Kruger National Park

Panthera Leo Nubica (East African Lion or Massai) - East Africa Ethiopia and KenyaTanzania and Mozambique

Panthera leo senegalensis (West African lion) - West Africa from Senegal to Nigeria

Territorial cats, Lions pride of Africans live on the surface up to ten square miles, depending on the strength of a lion and prey in a particular region. The men regularly patrol the territory, marking with urine and scent from their paws. Yell at dusk and dawn them to establish their presence and to warn intruders. The roar is stronger among cats and can be hearda distance of 5 miles. A pride consists of 1-4 males and up to a dozen young women and girls. Women are usually related to each other and generally living in a pride for the entire duration of their lives, while young adults have come from, when they are two or three years. These young people follow a nomadic lifestyle, coalitions with other single men and hunt and survive on their own. When there are four 56 years old, arethe situation is a pride of place.

In addition to residents in the area of ​​an established male pride and try to take over the area and move lionesses. This often leads to a grueling fight, and sometimes deadly. If the resident male losers who sneak and kill the nomads are ready for any single parent from the previous male. This leads the female in estrus. The new males kill or expel the young males. The acquisition is often brutal and sometimes takesMonths.

After the lions were finally settled, the new men have only a period of 2-3 years on average for boys of his own success that can reach adulthood and propagate their genetic line, before they produce internally displaced persons as well. Women come into estrus throughout the year and produce a litter of 2-3 cubs after a gestation period lasts three to four months. The cubs learn to hunt for a year and are completely independent of two years. Maturity is reached4 years for women and five men. Lifespan is between 12 and 15 years in the wild and 25 in captivity.


About the African lion

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Tuesday, September 13, 2011

Evolution & Cat Domestication

!9# Evolution & Cat Domestication

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Evolution has long cat ... more than men on earth. And when people finally showed up, let the cat on the right

Noah may have had cats on the ark built for the Great Flood, but they were the ancestors of what we know as the domestic cat in the world today? It can be confusing to think that everything is in the world, everything is always in the light of the trial so the opposite, ie fossil discoveries. I think the story of Noahunderstanding of greater importance than an enumeration of the new seed of life after a rain very heavy to carry. Scholar is the rule rather than the flood sometime in the second millennium BC and 3, and some 4 to 5,000 years ago. This was about the time that the Egyptians first domesticated cats. They did get on board? And as you hear the rats and mice? The cats were guardians of the grocery stores in the ark, which was always hanging on to dry land again in the foot? EWhat are the koala is the ship if it is limited to the continent of Australia? Really do better than the 5000 years, much has to raise questions.

The great equalizer is the time in any debate. Time changes everything, including the diameter species. As people all over the world, change their skin color, eating habits adapted to new environments, the clashes have occurred with others in the migration of valuable land that was affordable life support resources, ieabundant prey for hunters and gatherers, then domestic farm animals and food / cereal crops for food.

Survival is unforgiving of failure. Both are survivors ... or not. This is a defining characteristic of "life" which yearns to survive. Another feature is that the survival of individual members of a species that not only or so for a limited time. A life as we call it. Only large groups or classifications of rocks, trees and other living things, includingthat each species may survive indefinitely, if it happened.

The fossil record is very incomplete evolution of the cat. There is evidence, tracing the cat at about 200 million years, evolving with the cat begins when it apart from reptiles. From this point on, scientists from the family of cats into two main groups. Cat cats feline, which contains all species of modern cats and saber-tooth, all of which are extinct. The 'Felidae family' or felinecollected in three Genre:

Panthera - lions and tigers and ... Panther, or cats that roar. Felis - lynx, ocelots, and other small your cat Fluffy. Acinonyx - or the cheetah. You are in a group of them because they can not move their claws like other cats.

Originally diagrams developing cat cats divided into two main categories: Big Cats and kittens. The award was presented by the size and shape of their skulls. But, it was discovered that the division is notviable, because studies including a gradual transition of the skull showed properties from the smallest to the largest cats. There was essentially no separate supply with these criteria.

Recently, DNA studies have provided insights cat available for development, as it migrated from Asia to North America via the Bering Sea land bridge that about 9 million years ago, has appeared. These predators such as panthers have been appeared in Asia about 2 million years before the land bridge was exposed by the fallSea level. Cats are considered, along with people who are successful hunters. They would then loot the migration and simply survive the challenges of roaming vast areas in which to explore new environments. (To think that a cat sniff unexplored bush, or strange new object, either inside or outside their territory) as a result of the cat returned several American lines recently developed in Asia over the bridge and with each migration, evolutionary forces in these cats rainbowTypes of lions and leopards, lynx, ocelots and domestic cats home today. Where people were at this moment? Well, no, to find out where ... again. Anatomically modern humans in Africa developed exclusively that between 100,000 and 200,000 years, according to most experts, with inferences on the data of mitochondrial DNA. Obviously the cat is long evolutionary history with the existing in this world.

It was about 10,000 years ago, when the people stopped, hunters and gatherers, and began to cultivatethe country that the relationship between humans and cats began seeds. Until then, the cats lived many parts of the world except the arctic, Antarctica, Australia and inhospitable. As the first modern humans emigrated from Africa to Europe and Central Asia, would not cross to the cat and the human way was impossible. But it was when people began to cultivate plants that certain types of cats and humans co-workers have started a relationship interesting, if notTorsion fatal cat in evolution.

Find the beginning of the peasants that the newly developed food storage, grain storage is mainly an attraction for small rodents such as rats and mice. Archaeological evidence supports this if that ruins discovered preponderance of rodents in storage storage skeletons were buried relics. One can easily suspect that the smaller cats carry their prey, could not resist the farm and will probably be the concentration of mice and rats feastsilos offered so early. Human beings, is an intelligent creature would also dislike, rodents, and cats had (have) have noticed each other. An early farmers could be a litter of kittens and took home to try to keep it in order to protect his hard work in the fields.

Most likely would be the first kittens have retained much of their wild nature and maintained a distance "security" from their human benefactors. But, as generations of boys hadtreated more contact with people, especially by the people as a kitten, which would have grown tolerant and interactions accessible to people with cat, maybe even sleeping in their homes. Speculate in this way could the early stages of domestication began. Two types of cats have been more successful in adapting to this new relationship, and Felis silvestris, Felis lybica. Silvestris was more adaptable to the environment and of climate, while lybica preferably in Middle EastEast.

Early Egyptians had several gods, and these were attributed to the animalistic quality. The chief god of Egypt was the sun god Ra, symbolized by a lion. Ra was said, the world during the day seems like a chariot race in the sky, from sunrise to sunset rule. On the night he fell into the darkness where he was vulnerable to his enemies. But with the qualities of a lion who had a vision of a cat that you could see in the dark, to better protect themselves. Bast was known asGoddess of fertility, birth and family, which was symbolized by a cat. And do not escape from the Egyptians, how strong the maternal instinct in cats, when they care for their puppies. Cats were buried with the Pharaohs and even cemeteries were just for ordinary people, the cats at their own tune.

It 'been following the rise of the Roman Empire, that cats make their way to Europe as a pet. Cats have lost their status as "god" and assumed the role more practical,a 'pet'. Until then, the cat-mouse-human triangle was fairly well defined, and how people migrated to grow as the world is gone, the cat and mouse went right next to them. Domestic cats traveled the spice routes to Asia and the seas, the North and South America. Wherever they went, the cat populations have established only through intersections among their peers, but for the breeding of native species, they met on the road. The result is a plethora of colors, hair, hairLength and model, to identify the cats today.

The effects of domestication on the development of cat can be summarized as follows:

The tendering period (before 7000 BC), of feral cats in competition with humans, hunter-gatherers for birds and small mammals. Commensal Period (7000-4000 BC), of "semi-domestic" cats eat insects in the villages around and dominated early. Early period of domestication (4,000 to 3,000 BC), with the confinement of catsCult status Full domestication period (3000 BC - present) keep the disclosure of the cat and the proliferation of cats from Egypt *

All of this experience, that cats and humans, when the crop began to formulate and we began to be settled by humans as our hunter-gatherer migrations, when a chance encounter can be designed. Our early ancestors of Agriculture would have many problems, solutions that solve it for granted today. But the cat did not forget their contributionto our success and this could also explain the apparently proud of their nature. After all, networking is everything in this world, surpassed only by human arrogance, as an idea, through faith in our intellectual superiority, will only perpetuate the belief in our disconnection from the natural to dismiss. Fortunately, only humans are capable of as a marble. Cats have never forgotten their roots. Deep roots in the evolution of cat domestication and time.

There areMoments where I am, like many others I suspect, lost in the loneliness that results in the recognition of the separateness of being, or the distance that seems to be in this life between us. And 'then I just watch the sky, amazed at the distance between me and the furnaces of hell, the stars are available. Even then a great distance, the bin in the time that the light is measured in years, I am comforted in knowing that we are all fromsame stuff that light spillage from those factories. We are so connected ... but it is blind for granted as we pursue our activities inflated life every day. Returning to this place is my kitten in my lap and I stroked her back while she quietly accepted the affection. It does not take much to change our roles, and sat down at their place, even in the back and enjoyed the surprise attack on it. And with a little 'fantasy, I'm following the path of the catEvolution in my head.

* Thanks to Feline Advisory Bureau - Wiltshire, United Kingdom


Evolution & Cat Domestication

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